The calciferol receptor (VDR) plays a role in a lot of biological activities. It really is mainly portrayed in bone fragments tissues, including the parathyroid glands and kidneys. A VDR insufficiency causes rickets, osteoporosis, and hair loss.
This protein is likewise involved in cell differentiation, apoptosis, and calcium homeostasis. Various clinical research have shown that a mutation inside the VDR gene can cause various health problems.
The expression of VDR can be regulated by hereditary, environmental, and chemical elements. Several genetics have been referred to as target genes for the read the article VDR. Some of these involve calcium-binding protein, calbindin D-9k, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 24-hydroxylase, and a retinoid X receptor.
The VDR is definitely phosphorylated on serine residues with a variety of healthy proteins kinases. In intact skin cells, the VDR is phosphorylated before calcium uptake and calcium-binding proteins are activated. These phosphorylations will be ligand-dependent.
One of the main functions from the VDR is its capability to bind the active contact form of vitamin D, calcitriol. It might be associated with the retinoid X radio, which manages the activity of other supplement D-responsive genes.
The VDR is a member of the ubiquitin-proteasome system. This kind of pathway is characterized by covalent attachment of Ub molecules to target proteins. Subsequently, the protein are degraded through the 26S proteasome.
A lot of myeloid leukemia cell lines have been discovered to express the VDR. Amongst these, moving monocytes contain higher amount protein than tissue macrophages.
The VDR is phosphorylated by casein kinase II in a ligand-dependent manner. This kind of phosphorylation of Ser208 continues to be reported to improve interactions with coactivators.